Related Papers
Archeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association
Power and the Emergence of Complex Polities in the Peruvian Preceramic
2008 •
Alvaro Ruiz
Current Anthropology
Crucible of Andean Civilization
2006 •
Jonathan Haas
Pathways to Social Complexity in the Norte Chico Region of Peru
Matthew Piscitelli
Over the last 20 years, archaeological research in the Central Andes has identified the north central coast of Peru as an epicenter of early social complexity. Over the course of the Late Archaic Period (3000-1800 B.C.), a stretch of the north central Peruvian coast known locally as the Norte Chico (“Little North”) witnessed the transition from relatively simple forms of socio-political organization to more complex ones. During this time, groups both on the coast and in the highlands underwent a transition from mobile hunting, fishing, and gathering to a sedentary lifestyle in which they established permanent villages. Plant domestication intensified as irrigation agriculture assumed greater importance as a subsistence practice. The most dramatic cultural transformation of the Late Archaic Period, and most conspicuous from an archaeological perspective, was the construction of monumental architecture. The Late Archaic occupation in the Norte Chico region was the focus of a major cultural florescence that consisted of at least 30 sites with large-scale ceremonial structures. This chapter explores the various models that have been proposed to explain these cultural developments and ultimately posits that religion played a major role in the establishment of social complexity in the Central Andes during the Late Archaic Period.
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports
Micro-remains, ENSO, and environmental reconstruction of El Paraíso, Peru, a late preceramic site
2018 •
Ari Caramanica
Archaeological Investigation of Late Archaic Sites (3000–1800 B.C.) in the Pativilca Valley, Peru
Winifred Creamer
This volume presents the results of archaeological testing at nine sites in the Pativilca Valley on the coast of Peru. Included are the first systematically collected radiocarbon dates from this valley, part of the Norte Chico region. Descriptions and maps of the sites tested provide the basis for discussion of the Late Archaic period (3000–1800 B.C.) in the valley and within the surrounding Norte Chico region, where monumental architecture appears to have begun earlier than elsewhere along the coast. Forty-four radiocarbon samples were analyzed from eight sites, demonstrating that seven of the eight were occupied between 2740 and 1870 Cal B.C. during the Late Archaic period. One radiocarbon sample dating to 1480 Cal B.C. (ISGSA-429) from the site of Potao showed that it was occupied in the subsequent Initial period. These findings are discussed in relation to the development of complex society in the region. Este volumen presenta los resultados del programa de investigacio´n de nueve sitios arqueologicos en el valle del Rio Pativilca, en la costa de Peru. Se presenta los primeros fechados proveniente de muestras recogidos sistematicamente del valle Pativilca en la region denominada el Norte Chico. Los mapas y descripciones forman una base de discutir el periodo Arcaico Tardı´o (3000–1800 aC) en este zona, donde se encuentra construccio´n de arquitectura monumental durante una epoca anterior del resto del Nuevo Mundo. Cuarenta y cuatro muestras de ocho sitios estaban fechados. Siete de los ocho sitios fecharon entre 2740 y 1870 Cal aC, en el periodo Arcaico Tardı´o. Un fechado de 1480 Cal aC (ISGS-A-429) del sitio Potao indica que este sitio estaba ocupado mas tardio, durante el Periodo Inicial. Estos resultados pueden estar discutido en relacion al desarrollo del sociedad complejo en el Norte Chico.
Caral-Supe y su entorno natural y social en los orígenes de la civilización
miley cyrus
RESUMEN Iniciamos las investigaciones arqueológicas sobre los orígenes de la civilización en el Perú con una exploración en el valle de Supe en 1994 y con excavaciones en Caral en 1996. Ambas como iniciativa personal con el apoyo de un equipo de arqueólogos. Posteriormente, en 1999, ante los primeros resultados, publicados en el país y en el extranjero, la Universidad de San Marcos adicionó su apoyo econó-mico al que venían dando las Municipalidades de Supe y de Barranca. Con el reconocimiento de Caral como sitio de interés nacional en el 2001, se creó dos años después el Proyecto Especial Arqueológico Caral-Supe (PEACS);se han intensifi-cado las excavaciones en Caral y en otros tres sitios y se hacen trabajos de conso-lidación y restauración. Pero, además, contamos con un Plan Maestro y hay pro-yectos en ejecución con el fin de lograr que el importante patrimonio cultural de Caral sea presentado en el contexto natural y social adecuados. ABSTRACT We began our archaeological research on the origins of civilization in Peru in 1994 with exploration in the Supe Valley and excavations in Caral in 1996; in both cases this work stemmed from a personal initiative and was supported by of a team of archaeologists. Subsequently, in 1999, in view of the first results that had been published in Peru and abroad, the University of San Marcos added its financial support to the funds already being provided by the Municipalities of Supe and Barranca. Once Caral was officially recognized as a site of national interest in 2001, two years later the Caral-Supe Special Archaeological Project (PEACS) was created; excavation work in Caral and three other sites has been intensified, and consolidation and restoration work is now under way. In addition, we have drawn up a Master Plan and there are projects currently in execution to ensure that the important cultural heritage of Caral is presented in the most appropriate natural and social context.
Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory
Refining the Maritime Foundations of Andean Civilization: How Plant Fiber Technology Drove Social Complexity During the Preceramic Period
Maria Angélica García
Faunal Subsistence Strategies Among Initial Period Coastal Fishers at the Gramalote Site in the Moche Valley of Peru
2013 •
Rachel McTavish
Caral-Supe y su entorno natural y social en los orígenes de la civilización Ruth Shady Solís
Jorge Fuentes Dancourt
Nature
Dating the Late Archaic occupation of the Norte Chico region in Peru
2004 •
Alvaro Ruiz, Winifred Creamer
